Friday, December 27, 2019
Implementing QuickSort Sorting Algorithm in Delphi
One of the common problems in programming is to sort an array of values in some order (ascending or descending). While there are many standard sorting algorithms, QuickSort is one of the fastest. Quicksort sorts by employing a divide and conquer strategy to divide a list into two sub-lists. QuickSort Algorithm The basic concept is to pick one of the elements in the array, called a pivot. Around the pivot, other elements will be rearranged. Everything less than the pivot is moved left of the pivot - into the left partition. Everything greater than the pivot goes into the right partition. At this point, each partition is recursive quick sorted. Heres QuickSort algorithm implemented in Delphi: procedure QuickSort(var A: array of Integer; iLo, iHi: Integer) ; var   Lo, Hi, Pivot, T: Integer; begin   Lo : iLo;   Hi : iHi;   Pivot : A[(Lo Hi) div 2];   repeat     while A[Lo] Pivot do Inc(Lo) ;     while A[Hi] Pivot do Dec(Hi) ;     if Lo Hi then     begin       T : A[Lo];       A[Lo] : A[Hi];       A[Hi] : T;       Inc(Lo) ;       Dec(Hi) ;     end;   until Lo Hi;   if Hi iLo then QuickSort(A, iLo, Hi) ;   if Lo iHi then QuickSort(A, Lo, iHi) ; end; Usage: var   intArray : array of integer; begin   SetLength(intArray,10) ;   //Add values to intArray   intArray[0] : 2007;   ...   intArray[9] : 1973;   //sort   QuickSort(intArray, Low(intArray), High(intArray)) ; Note: in practice, the QuickSort becomes very slow when the array passed to it is already close to being sorted. Theres a demo program that ships with Delphi, called thrddemo in the Threads folder which shows additional two sorting algorithms: Bubble sort and Selection Sort.
Thursday, December 19, 2019
impact of french imperialism on indochina - 1032 Words
The impact of French imperialism on Indochina to 1945 Being an imperialist country, France pursed to increase its power, wealth and influence by gaining authority over other parts in the world. South America and Africa were among the countries the French Empire had owned in addition to Indochina who lost its independence after the war against China, which lasted from 1884-1885. Indochina was a main asset to France, especially in the field of economics and social power between other countries such as China and Japan. Despite the advantage Indochina gave to France, the control of the French was not considered beneficial to the Indochinese nation. Politically, France reduced the country’s sense of unity by separating Indochina into†¦show more content†¦Peasants were living in poverty caused by high rent payment, high taxes and debt to moneylenders. The building of canals, roads, railway lines and port facilities as well as the administration of Indochina were funded by heavy labour of the Vietnamese resources and working-class peasants. The response to oppression caused resistance from the Indochinese nation. Guerrillas fought to prevent forceful takeover and loss of heritage. Further violence was the response of French authority. This worsened the involvement of violence due to the fact that it stimulated further resistance. Nationalism arose from the involvement in world war one, which caused further intense resistance. Education provided by the French was beneficial to the Vietnamese, as they provided and encouraged an understanding and commitment to nationalist ideas. This caused two radical revolutionary groups to emerge and challenge French authority. The more powerful group called the Indochinese communist party (ICP) was founded by Ho Chi Minh who brought prominence in 1930. The French underestimated its motivation, resistance and ability, which resulted in their failure to destroy it. The pacific war ended in august 1945 and by the 20th of August Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh took control of the government buildings. This was due to the fact that there was a French absence in the colony. The ‘August revolution’ spread across Vietnam and Viet Minh groups’ accessed control of allShow MoreRelatedViolence As A Cleansing Force Essay1686 Words  | 7 Pagesfact that the Vietnamese were waging an armed national liberation war against French colonialism because like Algeria, Vietnam was also a French colony. In particular, the decisive victory of the Viet Minh s bare-foot army against the modern French army at Dien Bien Phu on May 8, 1954 made an enormous impact and gave hope not only to Fanon and the Algerian FLN who declared the national liberation war against the French colonialism in 1954, but also to the subjugated people living under the colonial/imperialRead MoreEffects of imperialism in Asia.1840 Words  | 8 PagesWhat impact did Western imperialism and colonialism have on Asia That Colonialism and imperialism played a significant role in shaping the modern world and particularly Asia is a prudent judgment. Colonialism is a policy in which a country rules other nations and develops trade for its own benefit and the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination (2004). The West, which refers to the societies of Europe and their genealogical, colonial, and philosophicalRead MoreHo Chi Minh And The Vietnam War1644 Words  | 7 PagesHo Chi Minh grew up under French royal run the show. Amid his youth, pre-adulthood, and adulthood, Ho saw the genuine harming impacts colonialism had on his nation. Disappointed with French dominion and European communism, Ho Chi Minh tried to build up a political rationality that would serve Vietnam through its autonomy. Through his adolescence, and encounters abroad, Ho Chi Minh built up a political belief system that was genuinely interesting to hostile to imperialism, and Vietnam. Ho Chi MinhRead MoreThe Vietnam War and its Subsequent Ties to the Cold War Essay2491 Words  | 10 Pagesfrom the moment after the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was recognized by communist powers China and Soviet Union and America’s subsequent direct intervention in the war in Vietnam that the Vietnam War was no longer a nationalist fight against the French colonialists’ re-conquest, but had become a part of the Cold War. The Vietnam War started off as a nationalist struggle before turning into a class struggle as foreign powers became involved in the war. However, it is the view of many VietnameseRead MoreThe French And The American War Essay1769 Words  | 8 PagesOpinion-Based Research Essay The French Indochina War Starting in late 1946, a rebellion began in French Indochina. The French colony, only recently liberated from Japanese occupation, was eager to assert its independence from France. However, the French, wishing to retain their colonial empire, had no wish to let this happen. Backed by the United States who was afraid of the spread of communism in the area, France fought a brutal war to maintain its position of power over Indochina. Ultimately, just likeRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism In Europe1440 Words  | 6 Pagesindustrial, technical, commercial and financial superiority imposed its economic model, its values, ideals and its culture to a large part of the world. Imperialism can be defined as the system in which the politics, economy and culture of one part of the world are organized according to the domination of some countries over others. The imperialism that emerged in the nineteenth century was the culmination of colonialism initiated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But both forms of colonialRead MoreThe British And French Colonization2452 Words  | 10 Pagesdependencies, protectorates, or dominions. In this essay, I will focus on the British and French colonization in Southeast Asia. The British-controlled Burma, most of the Malayan peninsula, and Singapore, which was a strategic port and later became a naval base for the British. Meanwhile, the French controlled the adjoining countries of Vietnamese, Cambodia, and Laos, collectively known as French Indochina. This period of colonization in Southeast Asia brought many changes to the regions societyRead MoreA Practical Example Of The Indochina War Essay1798 Words  | 8 Pagesthem collectively is a key to formulate and execute strategy. In this paper, I will explain these factors, how they are interconnected and how strategists should weigh them in formulating and executing strategy along with a practical example the Indochina war in 1946. There is a wide variety of factors that influence the formulation and the execution and later the outcomes of strategies. The strategist must weigh those factors and understand the strategic choices that faces the decision makers. SomeRead MoreImperialism in Africa2182 Words  | 9 Pagesmeant by the term imperialism. Discuss the causes of imperialism in the 1800s. Kamar Findlay ID# 092165839 Mico University College Imperialism in Africa Mrs. Pitter October 29, 2011 Imperialism is the creation and or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination (Johnston, 2000.p.375). In its simplest form Farah and Karls (2001) describes imperialism as one country’sRead MoreCauses Of Ww1 Essay Outline1880 Words  | 8 Pages Causes of WW1 essay outline Hook: Mr. Frip is advising that we use our specialized impact categories to highlight some of the long-term effects of the Great War. --Example: World War 1 was the cataclysmic event which would end the lives of 10 million young european men, therefore destroying an entire generation of Europeans. It would end the empires of Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Russia would resort to communism, which would promptly outlaw religion and impose a totalitarian government
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
How far is Haymaking typical of Thomas poetry Essay Example For Students
How far is Haymaking typical of Thomas poetry? Essay Haymaking is very typical of a poem by Edward Thomas. This is shown through many common devices that are present in Haymaking as well as many of his other poems. I shall outline and elaborate these on these devices in this essay. Haymaking is a description of a snapshot in time. There was a thunderstorm the night before and the reader is initially led to believe that the storm is the reason that everything is so still in the poem, but half way through the poem, Thomas begins to describe the activities of the Haymakers who are having a break in silence as they leaned on their rakes. So the stillness of the poem can work on many levels. There is the idea of the calm after the storm and the Haymakers having a rest. Also, however, there is the fact that the poet, Edward Thomas, is writing his poem from a snapshot in time where if he was describing a photograph, everything would be still in the picture. One of the most recognisable devices that Edward Thomas uses in his poetry is referring to England as old. This could imply many things. Thomas could use the term old in the literal sense that it is ancient, unchanging and with a sense of permanence in the world even though it has been threatened by war. It could also mean that England has grown wise due to its age and has experienced many things. As well as these ideas, Thomas comes across as very patriotic towards England. In Haymaking, Thomas refers to All is old so although he doesnt actually say that England is old, we as the reader know that he is subtly including England. In The Manor Farm, Thomas directly refers to England as Old already with the use of a capital letter for old which helps to directly associate the word old with England. Throughout much of his poetry, Thomas uses very in-depth descriptions of features of England such as the countryside and nature in general. He doesnt just describe things literally as he sees them either. It is as though his descriptions are more his point of view of things. Such as in Haymaking when he is describing the water in the mill as having tossing crystals, happier than any crowd of children. An identical device is used in the opening sentence to The Manor Farm where Thomas is describing the mud ran and sparkled down each side of the road as it defrosted. In this case, the very elegant description that is used glorifies mud and the reader almost forgets that it is mud that is being described. In many of Thomas poetry, he uses many references to the seasons and also the contrasts between them. An example in Haymaking is when Thomas informs the reader that the hollys Autumn falls in June. This forms a contrast between what we, the reader, normally associate autumn as being around September till November with June, that we regard as the start of summer. March is all about spring and how Thomas knew that spring normally starts in March but because of the cold burning weather that was actually occurring, although he knew that spring was coming he knew it had not come. This also provides the effect of a contrast between seasons, in particular the contrast between the weather of spring and the season it follows on from, winter. In the majority of Thomas poetry, there is a reference to the seasons or the weather which shows how typical a poem Haymaking is. .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .postImageUrl , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:hover , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:visited , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:active { border:0!important; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:active , .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f7507a9a59cfa0daadb09437701fcff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theme of Beowulf EssayRarely in Thomas poetry does he refer directly to people and when he does, he always keeps his distance and limits their involvement in his poetry. This helps to emphasise his love of England, the countryside and nature. Frequently in his poetry, Thomas uses a clever technique of taking a snapshot of an image or scene he is viewing in his poetry, and then descriptively he zooms in or out of that image, going into more details about what he is witnessing along the way until he reaches a specific feature he was concentrating on in particular. The best example of this is in Haymaking where Thomas describes the location of the farmers house, at the fields far edge, the farmers home, a white house crouched at the foot of a great tree. The effect this has is creating an image for the reader of that snapshot picture zooming-in in our minds along with Thomas descriptions. Another popular device for Edward Thomas that also provides contrasts in much the same way as his contrasts with seasons is his use of binary opposition. He first uses it in Haymaking during the opening two lines where he describes After nights thunder far away had rolled the fiery day It is, however, just a contrast of the night and day rather than the individual descriptions of them as the thunder and fiery create a similar image to the reader. So far, I have concentrated on the visual descriptions and imagery that Thomas poetry creates. Thomas uses phonetics a lot in his poetry too to help build the picture of the poem with its sights and sounds in the readers mind. In Haymaking, one of his most effective uses of sound is when he indirectly links the sounds of the watermill. He first describes the mill-foot water that tumbled white and lit with tossing crystals. Then immediately after Thomas describes the children as pouring out of school aloud. This creates amplifies the sound to the reader of the vast amounts of water at and surrounding the mill and the gushing noises it creates as it runs up and down the mill wheel. The sounds created in Adlestrop is through the use of onomatopoeia where the trains steam hissed. The poem, Haymaking is very typical of Thomas poetry as the majority of techniques used in his poetry feature in this one. However, in a few of Thomas poems, there are subtle parts that could be linked to war and battle; there do not appear to be many references in Haymaking.
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
What is the meaning of life Essay Essay Example
What is the meaning of life? Essay Paper What is the significance of life? Many agree that the reply depends on the individual inquiring the inquiry. When Albert Camus and Richard Taylor make up ones mind to reply this inquiry. they must take an in-depth expression into the existent and fabulous universes to get at a concise reply to this inquiry that has baffled so many. Both have similar positions with elusive differences – nevertheless Taylor’s position is the more accurate of the two. When looking into the biological universe. Taylor clearly describes how much of it can be identified with the Grecian narrative of Sisyphus. His first of two illustrations take an in-depth expression into glowworms. They go through this rhythm like Sisyphus did with his stone and finally they have nil more to demo for it than reproducing. They are condemned to this destiny and like the stone that Sisyphus rolls up the hill. once they fall down. the load is passed onto the following coevals of worms. doing their being finally unpointed. The narrative is the same with migrating birds. as they seasonally migrate across the planet merely to make the exact same thing the following twelvemonth ( Klemke. 2008 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on What is the meaning of life? Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is the meaning of life? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is the meaning of life? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The attempt put into this. like the attempt Sisyphus puts into turn overing the stone up the hill. finally accomplishes nil and in the terminal is ineffectual. The birds are condemned to a meaningless undertaking that has no significance. but gives them aim. Taylor states â€Å"The point of any life thing’s life is. obviously. nil but life itself†( Klemke. 2008 ) . something that Sisyphus himself endures as he rolls the stone throughout infinity. with the lone difference between him and the biological existences being that alternatively of each being making the same insistent undertaking for infinity. they pass on their mundane undertakings to the following coevals. Taylor’s solution to the significance of life is a complicated one since he genuinely sees perfectly no significance to it. Everything in this universe is contingent and as a whole is apparently nonmeaningful. This is what he calls ‘objective meaning’ . He went on to state that life has no terminal end and that what you do can neer be more than you. something similar to what Sisyphus went through. At the same clip. he went on to state how life besides has subjective significance. significance that life affairs to the individual life in that universe in that period of clip. As Sisyphus was turn overing the stone up hill hill for infinity. Taylor asks what if the Gods had made it his ageless desire to turn over that stone up that hill. and what if he enjoyed nil else more than turn overing that stone for the remainder of his life ( Klemke. 2008 ) . The same can be said about those that do what they love. and even though that has no nonsubjective significance as a whole. it could hold subjective significance to the single executing the undertaking since there is nil else they would instead make. He went on to state that as clip passes â€Å"A funny oculus can in imaginativeness reconstruct from what is left a one time warm and booming life. filled with intent. †( Klemke. 2008 ) . This was in mention to looking back at an old waste barren. where although now it has no significance. it one time had subjective significance to others – and even though something has no terminal end. that does non intend that it is nonmeaningful. since in that minute in clip it had significance. He sees the significance of life as nil but life itself. and that the lone manner to populate a full and meaningful life is to make something that has significance to you. The terminal end does non count every bit long as what you are making has significance to you. and one thing does non hold greater significance over another. His solution involved projecting intending onto our ain lives by encompassing our battles. even if they accomplish nil lasting and worthwhile ( Cengage. 2013 ) . Camus had a somewhat different solution to the significance of life. He genuinely saw no significance to life and questioned why anyone would of all time desire to populate in it ( Klemke. 2008 ) . He questioned people’s motivations and why all persons would neer perpetrate self-destruction when they know that they saw the universe they lived in. He sees the universe as absurd and the fact that we can accept that as surprising. Rational existences live in an irrational universe. where people who are obsessed with ground can non happen it. He sees that the there is perfectly no significance to the universe. When he relates human lives to Sisyphus. he considers our mundane lives as forcing a stone up a hill and forcing it back down in a ceaseless rhythm until decease. The calamity of it is that we are neer genuinely witting of the absurd. and in those minutes when we are witting of the absurd. we experience the greatest moral ruin conceivable. The lone manner to populate in this universe is to populate in contradiction. Once we can accept that the universe we live in is absurd. we no longer necessitate to populate for hope or hold this deceasing demand for intent ( Tomo. 2013 ) . It means non merely accepting it but besides being to the full witting and cognizant of it. because that is the lone manner we can bask the freedoms of life every bit long as we abide by a few common regulations ( Lane. 2013 ) . He sees this as being the ultimate manner to encompass everything the unreasonable universe has to offer us. This is known as absurd freedom. when you are witting of the universe you live in and are freed from the absurdness. You can so make a point of credence where you can experience genuinely content with your ain life ( Lane. 2013 ) . He considers Sisyphus as being the absurd hero. since he performs a meaningless undertaking because he hates decease. and so he does this meaningless undertaking to populate to the fullest. He embraces his fate and one could truly believe that he is happy with it. The significance of life besides does non count about what are the best minutes of life. or making what is meaningful to the person. but who did the most living. This can be farther explained with Camus’s mention to Sisyphus. where the lone thing distinguishing our lives from his is that his is ageless. As worlds. we will finally deteriorate and decease off. and in a universe where nil has significance and everything is insistent. the 1 who has lived for the longest period of clip has genu inely made the most of it. Out of the two solutions. it is clear why both Camus and Taylor thought the manner they did. One solution was based on making things in general while the other focused on life every bit long as physically possible. In my sentiment. although both have strong termss. I must state that although Camus place is somewhat stronger logically. Taylor’s place has much better emotional grip. When Camus states that the universe is wholly absurd and that none of it has any significance. his statement makes sense. We live in a universe where even though we are animals that demand concluding and intending for everything. there is none in the universe we are presently in. Taylor agrees to a certain extent. but so introduces his thought of different sorts of significance: subjective. He tries to give significance to undertakings that give us fulfillment – true subjective significance. but these same undertakings have no nonsubjective significance since they have no terminal end. Logically. such undertakings can hold no significance because they have no permanent value. something that Camus himself tried to explicate. finally doing Camus’s place stronger logically. Emotionally. the instance is rather the antonym. Camus tells us we should accept our destiny and merely seek to populate on this planet for every bit long as we can. something merely an atheist would volitionally accept with grace. He goes on to state every bit long as there is no terminal end in life ; there is no significance in life. However. many that live their every twenty-four hours lives do non believe on such an passionless degree. Taylor on the other manus gives the place of there being two different sorts of significances. and although nonsubjective significance doesn’t exist. subjective significance can give each one of us our ain definition of what significance is. which in this instance is something to make. Even though the apogee of these events will finally take to nil. it doesn’t mean that they were a complete waste of clip since they gave us something to make ( . The same can be said about the birds and the glowworms. Their lives have no terminal end as their lives were nil but a ceaseless rhythm. but it gave them something to make in life – no affair how meaningless it may look to person looking from the exterior in. The most of import point Taylor makes is that the undertakings we do can hold significance to us. but another single looking in could see the exact same undertaking as being meaningless. and that is to be expected. Subjective significance depends on the exact minute in clip. which relates to such looks as â€Å"live in the moment†or â€Å"Carpe Diem†. because after that minute has passed. all the significance that is associated with it disappears. Peoples like to believe that what they’re making will ever hold significance in one signifier or another. and every bit long as they believe in that. they are in a better province of head than believing that everything in life is nonmeaningful and that we should merely endeavor to populate every bit long as we can. This can be seen as life in denial. but emotions are something worlds unlike many animate beings live with on a minutely footing and must be accounted for. Furthermore. although Camus place makes logical sense. it makes small to cognize emotional sense since it does non account for the human facet of life. Citation Barnett. Richard. â€Å"An absurd religion: Camus and The Myth of Sisyphus. †Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. hypertext transfer protocol: //web. archive. org/web/20071012140207/http: //www. geocities. com/a_and_e_uk/Sisyphus. htm ( accessed March 19. 2013 ) . ( Merely for research intents ) Lane. Bob. â€Å"The Absurd Hero. †Vancouver Island University. Degree Programs Canada – Master A ; Bachelor Education Degrees Canada | VIU. hypertext transfer protocol: //records. viu. ca/www/ipp/absurd. htm ( accessed March 19. 2013 ) . Klemke. E. D. . and Steven M. Cahn. â€Å"Albert Camus: The Myth of Sisyphus. †In _The significance of life: a reader_ . 3rd erectile dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press. 2008. 72-82. Klemke. E. D. . and Steven M. Cahn. â€Å"Richard Taylor: The Meaning of Life. †In _The significance of life: a reader_ . 3rd erectile dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press. 2008. 134-143. â€Å"The Meaning of life: Richard Taylor. †Cengage. World Wide Web. cengage. com/philosophy/book_content/1439046948_feinberg/introductions/part_5/ch19/Life_Taylor. hypertext markup language ( accessed March 19. 2013 ) . Tomo. Ramirez. â€Å"Camus. â€Å"Sisyphus†Taylor. â€Å"The Meaning of Life†. †Deanza. edu. World Wide Web. deanza. edu/faculty/ramireztono/phil01/camustaylornotes. pdf ( accessed March 19. 2013 ) .
Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle free essay sample
Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle Recently, scientists have studied both short- and long-term measurements of atmospheric CO2 levels. Their data revealed that human activities are significantly altering the natural carbon cycle. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have accelerated, and both have contributed to a long-term rise in atmospheric CO2. Burning oil and coal releases carbon into the atmosphere far more rapidly than it is being removed, and this imbalance causes atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to increase. In addition, by clearing forests, we reduce the ability of photosynthesis to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, also resulting in a net increase. Because of these human activities, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are higher today than they have been over the last half-million years or longer. Because CO2 increases the atmosphere’s ability to hold heat, it has been called a â€Å"greenhouse gas. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without substantive changes in global patterns of fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, warming trends are likely to continue. The best scientific estimate is that global mean temperature will increase between 1. 4 and 5. 8 degrees C over the next century as a result of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This kind of increase in global temperature would cause significant rise in average sea-level (0. 09-0. 88 meters), exposing low-lying coastal cities or cities located by tidal rivers. Even without the changes in climate, however, increased concentrations of CO2 could have an important impact on patterns of plant growth worldwide. Because some species of plants respond more favourably to increases in CO2 than others, scientists believe we may see distinct shifts in plant species as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, even without any change in temperature. For example, under elevated CO2 conditions, shrubs are thought to respond more favourably than certain grass species due to their slightly different photosynthetic pathway. Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle free essay sample Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle Recently, scientists have studied both short- and long-term measurements of atmospheric CO2 levels. Their data revealed that human activities are significantly altering the natural carbon cycle. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have accelerated, and both have contributed to a long-term rise in atmospheric CO2. Burning oil and coal releases carbon into the atmosphere far more rapidly than it is being removed, and this imbalance causes atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to increase. In addition, by clearing forests, we reduce the ability of photosynthesis to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, also resulting in a net increase. Because of these human activities, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are higher today than they have been over the last half-million years or longer. Because CO2 increases the atmosphere’s ability to hold heat, it has been called a â€Å"greenhouse gas. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Alteration of the Carbon Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without substantive changes in global patterns of fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, warming trends are likely to continue. The best scientific estimate is that global mean temperature will increase between 1. 4 and 5. 8 degrees C over the next century as a result of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This kind of increase in global temperature would cause significant rise in average sea-level (0. 09-0. 88 meters), exposing low-lying coastal cities or cities located by tidal rivers. Even without the changes in climate, however, increased concentrations of CO2 could have an important impact on patterns of plant growth worldwide. Because some species of plants respond more favourably to increases in CO2 than others, scientists believe we may see distinct shifts in plant species as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, even without any change in temperature. For example, under elevated CO2 conditions, shrubs are thought to respond more favourably than certain grass species due to their slightly different photosynthetic pathway.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Renault FT Tank in World War I
Renault FT Tank in World War I The Renault FT, often referred to as the FT-17, was a ground-breaking tank design which entered service in 1918. A French light tank, the FT was the first tank to incorporate many design aspects which are now considered standard such as a fully-rotating turret and rear engine compartment. Small by World War I standards, the FT was intended to swarm through the enemys lines and overwhelm defenders. Used by French and American forces on the Western Front, the design was produced in large numbers and retained by many nations until the early days of World War II. Development The origins of the Renault FT may be traced to an early meeting between Louis Renault and Colonel Jean-Baptiste Eugà ¨ne Estienne in 1915. Overseeing the fledgling French tank corps which had been created during the early years of World War I, Estienne hoped to have Renault design and build an armored vehicle based on the Holt tractor. Operating with the backing of General Joseph Joffre, he was seeking firms to moved the project forward. Though intrigued, Renault declined citing a lack of experience with tracked vehicles and commenting that his factories were already operating at capacity. Not to be demurred, Estienne took his project to Schneider-Creusot which created the French Armys first tank, the Schneider CA1. Though he had declined the initial tank project, Renault commenced developing a design for a light tank that would be relatively simple to produce. Assessing the landscape of the time, he concluded that existing engines lacked the necessary power-to-weight ratio to allow armored vehicles to successfully clear trenches, shell holes, and other obstacles. As a result, Renault sought to limit his design to 7 tons. As he continued to refine his thoughts on a light tank design, he had another meeting with Estienne in July 1916. Increasingly interested in smaller, lighter tanks which he believed could overwhelm defenders in ways that larger, heavier tanks could not, Estienne encouraged Renaults work. While this support would proved critical, Renault struggled to gain acceptance of his design from Minister of Munitions Albert Thomas and the French high command. After extensive work, Renault received permission to build a single prototype. Design Working with his talented industrial designer Rodolphe Ernst-Metzmaier, Renault sought to bring his theories into reality. The resulting design set the pattern for all future tanks. Though fully-revolving turrets had been used on a variety of French armored cars, the FT was the first tank to incorporate this feature. This allowed the smaller tank to fully utilize a single weapon rather than needing multiple guns mounted in sponsons with limited fields of fire. The FT also set the precedent for placing the driver in the front and the engine in the rear. The incorporation of these features made the FT a radical departure from previous French designs, such as the Schneider CA1 and the St. Chamond, which were little more than armored boxes. Operated by a crew of two, the FT mounted a rounded tail piece to aid in crossing trenches and included automatically tensioned tacks to help prevent derailments. Crew positions in a Renault FT-17 tank. National Archives and Records Administration To ensure that engine power would be maintained, the power plant was designed to operate effectively when slanted to allow the tank to traverse steep slopes. For crew comfort, ventilation was provided by the engines radiator fan. Though in close proximity, no provision was made for crew communication during operations. As a result, gunners devised a system of kicking the driver in the shoulders, back, and head to transmit directions. Armament for the FT typically consisted of either a Puteaux SA 18 37 mm gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gun. Renault FT - Specifications Dimensions Length: 16.4 ft.Width: 4.8 ft.Height: 7 ft.Weight: 7.2 tons Armor Armament Armor: 0.86 in.Armament: 37 mm Puteaux gun or a 7.92 mm Hotchkiss machine gunAmmunition: 238 x 37mm projectiles or 4,200 x 7.62mm ammunition Engine Engine: 39 hp gasoline engineSpeed: 4.35 mphRange: 40 milesSuspension: Vertical SpringsCrew: 2 Production Despite its advanced design, Renault continued to have difficulty getting approval for the FT. Ironically, its chief competition came from the heavy Char 2C which was also designed by Ernst-Metzmaier. With the relentless support Estienne, Renault was able to move the FT into production. Though he had Estiennes support, Renault competed for resources with the Char 2C for the remainder of the war. Development continued through the first half of 1917, as Renault and Ernst-Metzmaier sought to refine the design. By the end of the year, only 84 FTs had been produced, however 2,613 were built in 1918, before the end of hostilities. All told, 3,694 were constructed by French factories with 3,177 going to the French Army, 514 to the US Army, and 3 to the Italians. The tank was also built under license in the US under the name Six Ton Tank M1917. While only 64 were finished before the armistice, 950 were eventually constructed. When the tank first entered production, it had a round cast turret, however this varied depending on the manufacturer. Other variants included an octagonal turret or one made from bent steel plate. French Renault FTs advance through Vaux, 1918. Library of Congress Combat Service The FT first entered combat on May 31, 1918, at Foret de Retz, south-west of Soissons, and aided the 10th Army in slowing the German drive on Paris. In short order, the FTs small size increased its value as it was capable of traversing terrain, such as forests, that other heavy tanks were incapable of negotiating. As the tide turned in the Allies favor, Estienne finally received large numbers of the tank, which allowed for effective counterattacks against German positions. The FT saw use at the Second Battle of the Marne as well as during the Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Widely used by French and American forces, the FT ultimately participated in 4,356 engagements with 746 being lost to enemy action. Postwar Following the war, the FT formed the armored backbone for many nations, including the United States. The tank saw subsequent action in the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War, Chinese Civil War, and Spanish Civil War. In addition it remained in the reserve forces for several countries. During the early days of World War II, the French still had 534 operating in various capacities. In 1940, following the German drive to the Channel which isolated many of Frances best armored units, the entire French reserve force was committed, including 575 FTs. With the fall of France, the Wehrmacht captured 1,704 FTs. These were redeployed across Europe for airbase defense and occupation duty. In Britain and the United States, the FT was retained for use as a training vehicle. Additional FTs were retained by Vichy French forces in North Africa. These were encountered by American and British forces during the Operation Torch landings in late 1942 and were easily defeated by the Allies modern M3 Stuart and M4 Sherman tanks.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Learning resource on health and well-being Essay
Learning resource on health and well-being - Essay Example In an effort to make this program effective, schools and tertiary education facilities are constantly being encouraged to adopt a strong curriculum which not only caters for the child’s intellectual improvement, but also all aspects revolving around his/her life based on the four key pillars which include: Good health and nutrition is essential to a human development. Schools and generally all learning institutions have much to impact especially when it comes to a child’s health development. While most schools put more emphasis on intellectual growth, the health status of the learner should not be compromised. In most cases learning institutions are expected to provide at least two to three nutritious meals daily to ensure that the children get the strength to move around and concentrate in class. After all no one can learn on an empty stomach. Through this attempt, children are also evaluated and checked by health practitioners to ascertain their health and general nutrition. As such children are guaranteed of a balanced diet both at home and in school. They are also guaranteed of proper medical care which also happens to determine the general performance of the child. As part of creating a healthy society, this resource centers on ensuring that school-going children and youth are at least provided with a balanced diet at school and at home to ensure that they gain both physical and intellectual health (Department for Education and Skills, 2012). One of the most important reasons why children fail to perform as expected is due to their state of mind. According to a recent report the number of school drop-outs in the UK alone stands at an average of 120,000 students each year. While a substantial number of students drop out of school due to financial challenges, it is certain that a greater number leave school due emotional health problems. Although teachers are tasked with the general evaluation of the learner, in most
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
Management - Case Study Example Resources within an organization includes finances, labor and time, which all are limited, yet important factors of production. In the 21st century, organizations have experienced intensive pressure to shift towards more production-oriented strategies to remain relevant and to overcome the numerous forces that are strenuous to business operations. For a smooth business run, organizational managers have to remain innovative and flexible to adapt to the dynamic market trends in their role of business coordination. Employees form part of the most vital resource that managers have to manipulate to tap their skills and knowledge and to direct them towards production. To optimize, it is important to align the employees to the organizational goals and to get them on board in the process of project implementation. Today, this has become the role that organizational managers have to shoulder if they have to succeed in their management duties. In the recent past, there has been an increase in work-related issues within many organizations due to conflicts as management face new market forces that require a transition into effective management strategies demanded by the dynamic market. ... Analysis of the Situation at Ground Matters on Ground In this case study, the university management experienced a conflict between the human resource manager and the chief Staff manager over the hiring of an employee in a matter of urgency in the organization. After the chief manager completed a selection process of an employee, the Human resource manager required that the employee produce a criminal investigation certificate as was provided by the organizational polices after which the employee would be served with a letter of acceptance. While the chief staff manager feels that in a matter of urgency the organizational policies can be overruled, the human resource manager feels that this would be a threat to these policies and insists on implementing them to the letter. Meeting between the two managers to discuss the issue ended up unsuccessful and as a matter of fact heightened the tension between the two officers. Resultantly, the chief staff officer had to resort to higher manag ement, the director, to resolve the issue at hand. Apart from heightening the tension between the two officers, the conflict between the two managers, had a consequence on the employees directly under them who also divided and supported their respective boss. The hired employee, Senior Academic Program specialist (SAPS) also felt that he was a victim a long and strenuous procedure and this had an impact of their work attitude. In summary, this conflict was extended to the entire organization and consequently had an impact on employee productivity in this organization. Scenario analysis In this case, the human resource manager and the chief staff manager had a conflict that seems to originate from differences in organizational strategy. While the human
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Assessment and Office Equipment Essay Example for Free
Assessment and Office Equipment Essay Unit purpose and aim This unit is about using a variety of different office equipment following manufacturer’s and organisational guidelines. Learning Outcomes Assessment Criteria The Learner will: The Learner can: 1. Know about different types of office equipment and its uses 1. 1 Identify different types of equipment and their uses 1. 2 Describe the different features of different types of office equipment 1. 3 Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for tasks 2. Understand the purpose of following instructions and health and safety procedures Exemplification Learning outcomes 1 to 6 must be assessed using methods appropriate to the assessment of knowledge and understanding. A holistic approach to assessment should be adopted so that one piece of evidence covers more than one learning outcome and several assessment criteria. 2. 1 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment 2. 2 Explain the purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment 2. 3 Identify health and safety procedures for using different types of equipment 2. 4 Explain the purpose of following health and safety. Procedures when using equipment 2. 5 Explain the purpose of  © OCR 2010 1 keeping equipment clean and hygienic 3. Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises waste 3. 1 Give examples of waste when using equipment 3. 2 Give examples of ways to reduce waste 3. 3 Explain the purpose of minimising waste 4. Know about the different types of problems that may occur when using equipment and how to deal with them 4. 1 Give examples of equipment problems 4. 2 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions and organisational procedures when dealing with problems 4. 3 Give examples of how to deal with problems 5. Understand the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines 5. 1 Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using equipment 6. Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user 6. 1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user 7. Be able to use office equipment 7. 1 Locate and select equipment needed for a task 7. 2 Use equipment following manufacturer’s and organisational guidelines Assessment should be planned. To maximise the opportunities for the candidate to demonstrate their ability to use office equipment. 7. 3 Use equipment minimising waste 7. 4 Keep equipment clean and hygienic 7. 5 Deal with equipment problems following manufacturer’s and organisational procedures 7. 6 Refer problems, if required 7. 7 Make sure final work product meets agreed requirements 7. 8 Make sure that product is delivered to agreed timescale 7. 9 Make sure equipment, 2  © OCR 2010 resources and work area are ready for the next user Assessment This unit is centre assessed and externally verified. A holistic approach to assessment should be adopted so that one piece of evidence covers more than one learning outcome and several assessment criteria and where appropriate, provides evidence across several units. Your assessor will use a range of assessment methods which may include: ? observation of performance in the work environment ? examination of work products ? questioning the learner ? discussing with the learner ? use of others (witness testimony) ? looking at learner statements ? recognising prior learning Evidence requirements A range of evidence should be gathered to cover the Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria. Examples may include: ? Job requests/briefs from colleagues ? Copies of work produced using equipment ? Fault/problem logs indicating your response ? Records of training in use of equipment ? Minutes of team/1 to 1 meetings, relating to use of equipment ? Annotated copies of relevant sections in user manuals. The candidate must demonstrate their ability to use a range of office equipment including a computer, printer, and photocopier along with other equipment necessary to carry out their job eg telephone, franking machine,fax machine, data projector, shredder, laminator, binder, paper folder. Guidance on assessment and evidence requirements Refer to sections on Assessment and Evidence requirements above. National Occupational Standards (NOS) mapping/signposting This unit is based on the NOS BAA231 Use office equipment. Functional skills signposting This section indicates where candidates may have an opportunity to develop their functional skills.  © OCR 2010 3 Link to functional skills standards http://www. qcda. gov. uk/15565.aspx Functional Skills Standards English Mathematics ICT Speaking and Listening ? Representing ? Use ICT systems ? Reading ? Analysing ? Find and select information ? Writing ? Interpreting ? Develop, present and communicate information ? Resources Access to a wo rking environment with associated equipment and resources Additional information For further information regarding administration for this qualification, please refer to the OCR document ‘Admin Guide: Vocational Qualifications’ (A850) on the OCR website www. ocr. org. uk.
Friday, November 15, 2019
Mutual Trust in Employment Contracts
Mutual Trust in Employment Contracts Introduction In all the employment contracts a term mutual trust and confidence which is also known as the duty to act reasonably and fairly is implied or not is the question for over the past years. As per the labor regulations in Australia, different range of sources provides different rights and responsibilities of employers and employees, which also creates a huge different level of complications while going through these sources. These terms will generally be implied in an employment contract in Australia that has been widely acknowledged, but at the same time the debate on awarding the damages for a breach of these terms in some of the Australian courts will be challenging as well. Contract Contract is a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself.[1] There are two kinds of contract and they are Express and Implied contract. Express contract is a type of contract which parties state the terms either orally or in writing at the time of its formation. On the other hand implied contract is a contract where terms and condition are not expressly defined at the time of its formation.[2] Employment Contract Employment contract is a category of contract, which used in employment. It is a relation between both parties on the one and stands an employee who is employed by an employer. It contains all terms and condition regarding employment.[3] Mutual Trust and Confidence in Good Faith Analyzing the concepts is very much necessary when it comes to â€Å"breach of mutual trust and confidence†and â€Å"the duty of mutual trust and confidence†. There is a lot of difference between the duty of good faith and the mutual trust and confidence. One talks about the implied duty that will relate to the terms of the contract and the relationship and whereas other talks about the incident of the employment relationship (right to Control). [4] When it comes to incident of the employment relationship, there comes a question whether the relationship of trust and confidence exists or not. Which totally depends on the nature of the employment. So there is a doubt that it has existed and continues to exist, a necessary relationship of trust and confidence between employer and employee. In an employment relationship the subsistence of mutual trust and confidence is very much essential to it. Because the employer cannot accept disloyalty of an employee who has undermine the employer’s business interest.[5] So the employee should not remain with the employer in employment because the employee has destroyed the trust and confidence in the working relationship. Employee’s destruction of trust can be evidenced by different types of conduct and which also depends on the circumstances of the employment. Some of the examples of different types of conduct, which may destroy the trust and confidence, are: demotion;[6] unwarranted carping criticism;[7] withdrawal of employment benefits.[8] It was first originated from the series of cases in the United Kingdom, in which employees totally blame employers for termination of their employment; despite this employers did not expressly dismiss these employees.[9] If any employee can make out that the employer’s conduct was so destructive of mutual trust and confidence, which properly ties up the parties to an employment relationship, than the employee treats employer’s conduct as constructive dismissal. In terms of contract law, employer’s conduct is treated as a repudiation of the employment contract by the employee as they are permitted to do so and elects to terminate the contract and claim damages for wrongful dismissal. On this basis in many of the cases, employee was seeking to claim statutory compensation for termination under the Employment Rights Act 1996 (UK) c 18.[10] Into the English employment law, duty was cemented by the decisions of House of Lords for example in Malik v Bank of credit and Commerce International SA (‘Malik’).[11] This was actually the test case for determining whether the breach of the duty is not to destroy mutual trust and confidence that could sound in damages. So it was held that mutual trust could sound in damages during employment as a consequence of the employer’s breach, that is why following this decision, not to destroy the mutual trust has been engaged to address a wide variety of claims. For example, in Clark v Nomura International Plc[12] and Clark v BET plc[13] So in the development of this duty in English law, which actually came from the decisions of a majority of the House of Lords that breach the common law duty of mutual trust, good faith and fair dealing would not sound damages until the damages flow from only the termination of the employment relationship. So to overreach the limitations already determined by statute,[14] the House of Lords held the common law not to be developed. Since in the United Kingdom the legislation has already imposed a cap on damages for termination of the employment, and also exercising the common law jurisdiction should not award damages that exceed the statutory limits for termination. To compensate for any losses incurred by the employee, damages might be awarded as a consequence of breach of employment contract during employment, but also not for any loss surffered as a consequence of loosing the job.[15] English scientific study of law has allowed damages for breach of the obligation that is not to destroy the trust and confidence, but even not when the damage flowed from the fact or manner of dismissal. Most importantly, in the English Law ‘the giving of the lawful notice cannot itself constitute a breach of the implied term.’[16] When it comes to Australian case law it has generally assumed that duty has been existed not to act in a manner or likely to destroy the mutual trust and confidence when it comes to employment relationship,[17] though no appellate court decision has depended upon such a findings.[18] Both parties to an employment relationship bear the duty not to destroy the mutual trust and confidence has assumed by the Australian courts in more recent times. When it comes to the English law, destruction of mutual trust signifies to the situation in which employees refuses to do something that are legally required to do as per employment contract and than identifies who is to be blamed if termination of the contract ensues. But whereas in Australian law, destruction of mutual trust and confidence has not been found to sound any damages on its own. In Australian case law it distinguishes between the employment relationship and employment contract.[19] The employment relationship is nothing but the actual dealing between employer and employee regulated by different types of law that includes common law of contract and also statutes that impose the mandatory obligations on the parties.[20] Whereas in terms of employment contract it is not automatically terminated when there is dest ruction of relationship of trust, but by electing innocent party.[21] In such circumstances the employees who gets terminated are entitled to be paid any remuneration or some other benefits according to his or her loss of account of premature termination of the employment contract.[22] This also means the payment of remuneration and other benefits that would have been received during a proper notice period. More importantly, the obligation not to destroy the mutual trust does not constrain an employer to take the decision to terminate the employment. So as long as the employer brings together the terms of the contract, and without prior notice and explaining how it should be done the employer is not at all liable for breaching the employment contract simply by deciding to terminate the employee.[23] Australian law has not gone so far unlike the English law, where the obligation is not to destroy mutual trust and confidence with a general duty of good faith and fair dealing in the employment contracts, in which breach might sound in damages. In some of the Australian cases there are few suggestions that on one hand there is two obligations of mutual trust and confidence, and on other hand the good faith, are having nearly the same meaning and these statements tend to be made by the courts who have found to decide upon the matter without any obligations.[24] According to Russell (Appeal) in 2008 â€Å"Although there were said to be two implied terms, it is probably sufficient to identify them as a single obligation.†[25] They derive from the same source, as siblings, that show the existence of a relationship of employment but again to understand it in the better way make it the separate concepts of each of them and with different functions. It is just a matter of choosing a vocabulary to assist in the clear articulation of separate concepts. The terminology of ‘mutual trust and confidence’ is very useful to describe in a particular characteristic of an employment contract that distinguishes it from a contract of sale or other contractual arrangement. Also ‘good faith’ is described as governing principle that is best engaged in interpretation and construction of relational contracts such as employment. Commonwealth v Barker It was in the year 2009 where the Commonwealth Bank of Australia took a step forward to change its Corporate and Financial Services business unit, due to which Mr. Barker’s position in the Bank was removed. As per the policy of the company, if they don’t require any position of the employee they will need to place that concern employee to the other part of the department or other position in the company. But in the case of Mr. Barker the Commonwealth Bank did not imply this policy. On 2 March 2009 Mr. Barker was send a letter to inform him about the redundant of his position but the Bank would like to send him to other area of the Bank. Later there was a meeting where Mr. Barker was told to clear out his desk, give away the keys and mobile phone and not to come to work. The Bank also stops Mr. Barker’s email and intranet facilities. On 9th April 2009, Mr. Barker was sent a letter of termination due to his redundancy and there was no sign of redeploy for Mr. Barker by the Bank. Mr. Barker had given his 23 years in the Bank and his contract of employment showed that he would be terminated only if the Bank is unable to give him a different position but there was no proper word in the contract apart from potential operation of an implied term of mutual trust and confidence. Mr. Barker’s file the case to the trial judge against the Commonwealth Bank and that included the failure of the Commonwealth Bank to give him the employment in some other department of the Bank.[26] What the Bank did to Mr. Barker was not according to the term of the contract of employment. As per the contract there should be mutual trust and confidence between employer and employee but that didn’t work at his time his employment. The policy of the company for redeployment was not utilized at his case of redundant of his position. Mr. Barker was entitled $300,000 from the bank for not following the company’s policy of redeployment. The case was then requested to the Federal Court as the Bank felt the Trial judge has made mistake in giving justice without any proper evidence. The courts refused to accept the appeal as Mr. Barker was more favorable and for this reason Jacobson and Lander JJ were appointed to go through the case in detail under Australian Law. [27] They came to the conclusion on the following grounds: In the court of England the policy support the implied term with the contemporary employment relationship.[28] The employment relationship should take part necessary of common interest and partnership fairly than a serious disagreement or argument.[29] These typical parts called for the result of an action or a decision by law of an obligation, for which employment relationship need to be in its original state.[30] According to the majority, the implied term only work in a particular way in respect of conduct and form a unit by it from the manner of termination of the contract of employment that is, it does not apply at the point of dismissing someone from their job or to steps inextricably linked with dismissal.[31] It was easy to see or understand from their reasons for decision that Jacobson and Lander JJ held that the implication of the implied term by law was necessary For Jacobson and Lander JJ, the Bank’s failure to give redeployment policy was not the important factor. As they found the Bank has not implied term or made something happen: Mr. Barker was a senior employee and worked for more than 23 years. The Common wealth bank was a large corporate organization and The contract (clause 8) contains that the employment may be terminated if the Bank were unable to place the employee in other position.[32] In these conditions of the facts, Jacobson and Lander JJ held that the implied term required the Bank to take positive steps from 2nd March 2009 to advice Mr. Barker about the possibility of redeployment and to give him the option to apply for alternative position within the Bank. [33] Jacobson and Lander JJ confirmed that Mr. Barker has been gone through hurt and distress and even loss of reputations that can never be recovered.[34] As an alternative reason for holding the Bank was liable, Jacobson and Lander JJ found that the same circumstances triggered the operation of the implied tasks of the organization in the contract of employment.[35] This implied the state of being forced upon the need for one party to take positive steps without which the other party is unable to enjoy a right or to be in a better position because of the contract.[36] By comparing the case where an employee despite to be knowing for the benefit unless it is brought to his attention by the employer. [37] After paying great attention to details and had judgment in which he completely study the gradual development of English and Australian case law in relation with the implied term of mutual trust and confidence, Jessup J concluded that: â€Å"the question whether the implied term is part of the law of contracts of employment in Australia has never been answered in the affirmative by an Australian appellate court in the sense of being of the ratio decided.†[38] His Honor went onto hold that the implied term of mutual trust and confidence was not needed for the pleasure of the rights conferred by the contract of employment.[39] Jessup J described the implied term as having â€Å"the potential to act as a Trojan horse in the sense of revealing only after the event the specific prohibitions which it imports into the contract.†[40] His honor makes a decision that the implied term, if accepted, â€Å"would enable defined limits in the existing fabric of common law and equitable remedies to be side-stepped†; and that the implied term would â€Å"overlap a number of legislated prohibition and requirements, thus tending to compromise the democratically-drawn architecture†by closely connected with the employment obligations.[41] Jessup J further held that the fact of being express reservation in the Bank’s redeployment policy â€Å"did not †¦leave any scope for the conclusion that by merely failing to comply with the policy, the Bank breached the implied term.†[42] The largest part of the case was in favor of Mr. Barker and at least for now, that in the period of time when express terms to the contrary is away, there is an implied term of mutual trust and confidence in every Australian employment contract. The decision moved to a higher level for consideration if the employers should clearly deliberate the implied term from employment contract. To whatever degree, it won’t be too complicated as given: As far as possible giving particular attention to the implied term, and The way of dealing by the majority judges, that particular circumstance triggered the operation of the implied term. The majority decision is turned upside down by the High Court of Australia on appeal; employers now need to put the implied term of mutual trust and confidence and the implied duty of cooperation to their list for them to remember all the time. In addition to the matters such as rise in the adverse action claims in dealing with their employees. When it comes to advantages and disadvantages for employers and employees of having such an implied term in the employment contract, employees should always remain faithful and sincere to the employer’s interest. Any confidential document or information of the company should not be shared outside the workplace to its competitors and it should remain internal within the workplace.[43] Whereas employers make decisions from the policies so they have to pay extra attention to its policies and regulations. In Barkers case federal court advised the employers to conduct themselves in a way that it wont destroy their relationship of trust and confidence with employee. When it comes to common law employers have to make sure that workplace is a safe place for employees to work. Employees have a huge advantage in having the implied term mutual trust and confidence because if there is a severe breach in the employment policies which is found than through the award of damages by the court, it will not only be considered a breach of an implied term. Conclusion In my view the term mutual trust and confidence is very much important to be implied in the employment contract. Because having the term mutual trust and confidence in the contract will create a comfortable working environment and also conditions can be achieved between both employer and employee. Incase if such implied term is not reflecting in the employment contract than either the employer or the employee would be permitted to act in a way that is not necessarily in accordance with the will of the contract. And also the practice of obeying rules between employer and employee are included in the viewpoint of an implied term. [1] Cambridge Advance Learner Dictionary (3rd Editioin) [2] ibid [3] Mark Freedland, the personal employment contract 2003 Oxford University press. [4] Gillies v Downer EDI Limited [2011] NSWSC 1055 [5] Concut Pty Ltd v Worrell (2000) 176 ALR 693. [6] Russian v Woolworths (SA) Pty Ltd (1995) 64 IR 169. [7] Lewis v Motorworld Garages Ltd [1986] ICR 157. [8] Clark v Nomura International plc [2000] IRLR 766. [9] Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd v Andrew [1979] IRLR 84. [10] Lewis v Motorworld Garages Ltd [1986] ICR 157. [11] [1998] AC 20. [12] [2000] IRLR 766. [13] [1997] IRLR 348. [14] Johnson v Unisys Ltd [2003] 1 AC 518, 544 [56]–[58] (Lord Hoffmann). [15] Gogay v Hertfordshire County Council [2000] IRLR 703. [16] Kerry Foods Ltd v Lynch [2005] IRLR 680, 682 [16] (Clark J). [17] Sappideen et al, above n 10, 162 [5.230] and the cases cited there. [18] Aldersea v Public Transport Corporation (2001) 3 VR 499. [19] Visscher v Giudice (2009) 239 CLR 361. [20]Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410. [21] Visscher v Giudice (2009) 239 CLR 361. [22] Thomson v Orica Australia Pty Ltd (2002) 116 IR 186. [23] Russell (Trial) (2007) 69 NSWLR 198; Rogan-Gardiner [2010] WASC 290 (22 October 2010). [24] Russell (Appeal) (2008) 72 NSWLR 559, 567 [32], [25] ibid [26]Barker v Commonwealth Bank of Australia[2012] FCA 942 (3 September 2012). [27] 2013] FCAFC 83 at para [79], [28] 2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [94]-[95], [29] [2013] FCAFC 83 at para [81], referring to the Full Court of the SA Supreme Court decision inSouth Australia v McDonald(2009) 104 SASR 344 [30] [2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [72], [107]. [31] [2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [72], [97]. [32] [2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [110]-[111]. [33] [2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [112], [117], [130]-[132]. [34] 2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [152]-[158]. [35] 2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [118]-[128]. [36] 2013] FCAFC 83 at para [122]. [37]As in the House of Lords decision inScally v Southern Health and Social Services Board[1992] 1 AC 294, discussed by the majority inBarker[2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [114]-[115], [123], [128]. [38] 2013] FCAFC 83 at para [280 [39] 2013] FCAFC 83 at paras [288]- [295], especially paras [289]-[290]. [40] 2013] FCAFC 83 at para [340]. [41] 2013] FCAFC 83 at para [340]. [42] [2013] FCAFC 83 at para [351]. [43] Ansell Rubber Co Pty Ltd v Allied Rubber Industries Pty Ltd (1967) VR 37.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Business case on MS woes Essay
1. Describe the human resource planning implications for Microsoft in terms of the SWOT analysis. HR planning at Microsoft may consider performing its own SWOT analysis to enhance higher-level analyses at the company. We should expect that the firm’s HR planning would include points such as : ​Strengths: †¢ Talented employees at the â€Å"top of their game†in the industry †¢ Reputation as an industry leader Weaknesses: †¢ Conflict management )infighting) †¢ Compensation and benefits are no longer perceived as competitive or favorable Opportunities: More aggressive and focused recruiting efforts Marketing existing compensation and benefits Threats: Competitors, such as Google and e-bay. New entries into the industry 2. In your opinion, could these dramatic resignations have been predicted by Microsoft management? Defend your position. History repeats itself. In other industries, the front-runners eventually faced competition in the marketplace for customers and resources, which includes human resources.If Microsoft had solid communication mechanisms in place to field feedback from dissatisfied employees, management may have known about the pending exits.Many companies experience turnover after benefits are reduced or changed.Many companies experience turnover after â€Å"start-up†because employees who are successful at start-ups look for new opportunities once businesses are off-the-ground. Thus, considering all above grounds, I think Microsoft has predicted those resignations and prepared their alternative backup plan. 3. Using- Exhibit 5.1, describe the strategic implication from the outflow of creative talent at Microsoft . Without people, the structure has gaps. If the structure isn’t solid, the strategy doesn’t have the support it needs. Goals run the risk of not being met, making it difficult for the company to achieve its mission.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Basic Company
Mr. James Pierce had recently received word of his appointment as general manager of the Jackson Plant, one of the older established units of The Rose Company. As such, Mr. Pierce was to be responsible for the management and administration at the Jackson Plant of all functions and personnel except sales. Both top management and Mr. Pierce realized that there were several unique features about his new assignment. Mr. Pierce decided to assess his new situation and relationships before undertaking his assignment.He was personally acquainted with the home office executives, but had met few of the Jackson personnel. This case contains some of his reflections regarding the new assignment. The Rose Company conducted marketing activities throughout the United States and in certain foreign countries. These activities were directed form the home office by a vice president in charge of sales. Manufacturing operations and certain other departments were under the supervision and control of a seni or vice president.These are shown in Exhibit A. For many years the company had operated a highly centralized-functional type of manufacturing organization. There was no general manager at any plant; each of the departments in a plant reported on a line basis to its functional counterpart at the home office. For instance, the industrial relations manager of a particular plant reported to the vice president in charge of industrial relations at the home office, and the plant controller to the vice president-controller, and so on.Mr. Pierce stated that in the opinion of the top management the record of the Jackson Plant had not been satisfactory for several years. The Rose board had recently approved the erection of a new plant in a different part of the city and the use of new methods of production. Lower costs of processing and a reduced manpower requirement at the new plant were†¦
Friday, November 8, 2019
SWOT vs. STEEP Essay Example
SWOT vs. STEEP Essay Example SWOT vs. STEEP Essay SWOT vs. STEEP Essay The relative importance of decision making policy in a certain company may well predict the overall capacity of the business to perform well in the market. In line with this aspect, there are corporate philosophies that were created to help in the process of defining a better way to address the need for development and sustainability. The creation of SWOT and STEEP are just some of the basic domains in aiding the strategic planning process in a certain business.The existence of these two particular philosophies greatly influence the planning methods employed in a company. However, some companies prefer one compared to the other. This brings a notion whether the two perspectives provide the same advantages in properly addressing the needs in strategic planning. A relative comparison may be done to inhibit the appropriate impression whether SWOT is much better than STEEP or vice versa. This will at least address the considerations of businesses if they actually provide the same capacit y of benefits in policy making attributes.SWOT means (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) while STEEP is (societal, technological, ecological, political). At this very sense, the relative goal of SWOT remains in the overall internal inflictions for the company. The business can at least formulate a development strategy by identifying the relative factors included in it. The Strengths allow the industry to identify its optimistic value of operations; Weaknesses identify the common errors done in the business planning which can be avoided; Opportunities offers the process of identification of the positive acquisition of ideas in the environment while Threats give a plausible notion for external factors that may inflict harm to the business processes. As a matter of fact, the SWOT analysis gives constructive information which could help in matching and complimenting the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates (QuickMBA, 19 99).On the other hand, STEEP rather identifies almost all the possible external sources of change in the internal business planning strategy. This includes the identification of various factors that only incorporates the influence of the outside world to the organizations processes. The company becomes a passive structure in the dynamic of marketing since it can only identify the actual relative events that currently induce the social structure. The Social and Political patterns become the predictor factor in doing marketing strategy, increasing the risk of trending the business operation to what the events demand. This could be a harmful step especially to the market segments where other preferences may be at existence. Moreover, Technological and Ecological factors erase the need for the company to explore other alternatives since these two factors can readily suffice the needs of a business but only in a short term approach.There are various ways that can be considered in creatin g the most appropriate marketing strategy. However, the organization should first identify what market segments it wishes to conduct its business operations. In any case, the SWOT remains at a more advantage state compared to STEEP because the change and operation process starts within the company itself and not external factor driven, enriching further what aspects the business is expert at.Bibliography:QuickMba (1999). SWOT Analysis. Strategic Management.Retrieved May 4 2007, from quickmba.com/strategy/swot/
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Free Essays on Piaget Theory Applied To Education
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development – Assignment 1 Our thinking changes drastically, though slowly, from our birth to our maturity because we constantly strive to make sense of the world. According to Piaget, four factors interact to influence changes in our thinking over our lives. These factors are biological maturation, activity, social experiences, and equilibrium. Piaget concluded that we inherit two basic tendencies, or invariant functions. Organization is the combining and averaging then recombining and rearranging of thoughts and behaviors into a more coherent system. Adaption is the tendency to adjust thoughts and behaviors to the environment. Piaget described our organized system of thought allowing us to mentally represent objects and events of our world, as schemes. These basic building clocks of thinking can be very small and very specific, like the â€Å"sucking on a straw†scheme or the â€Å"recognize and carnation†scheme. The simple structures are continuously combined and coordinated to become larger and more general like the â€Å"drinking scheme†or a â€Å"categorizing plants†scheme. In addition to the tendency to organize our psychological structures, we also inherit a tendency to adapt to our environment. The basic processes of adaption are assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is a process of trying to comprehend some things new by fitting it into our existing schemes. Using our existing schemes to make sense of our world sometimes distorts the new information; like calling a skunk a kitty the first time a child sees a skunk. Accommodation occurs when information cannot fit into any existing schemes and new scheme structures must be developed. We change our existing schemes to adjust our thinking to fit the new data, instead of adjusting the new data to fit our thinking (assimilation). Two strengths of Piaget’s theory are matching problem solving and knowledge construction. In problem solving... Free Essays on Piaget Theory Applied To Education Free Essays on Piaget Theory Applied To Education Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development – Assignment 1 Our thinking changes drastically, though slowly, from our birth to our maturity because we constantly strive to make sense of the world. According to Piaget, four factors interact to influence changes in our thinking over our lives. These factors are biological maturation, activity, social experiences, and equilibrium. Piaget concluded that we inherit two basic tendencies, or invariant functions. Organization is the combining and averaging then recombining and rearranging of thoughts and behaviors into a more coherent system. Adaption is the tendency to adjust thoughts and behaviors to the environment. Piaget described our organized system of thought allowing us to mentally represent objects and events of our world, as schemes. These basic building clocks of thinking can be very small and very specific, like the â€Å"sucking on a straw†scheme or the â€Å"recognize and carnation†scheme. The simple structures are continuously combined and coordinated to become larger and more general like the â€Å"drinking scheme†or a â€Å"categorizing plants†scheme. In addition to the tendency to organize our psychological structures, we also inherit a tendency to adapt to our environment. The basic processes of adaption are assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is a process of trying to comprehend some things new by fitting it into our existing schemes. Using our existing schemes to make sense of our world sometimes distorts the new information; like calling a skunk a kitty the first time a child sees a skunk. Accommodation occurs when information cannot fit into any existing schemes and new scheme structures must be developed. We change our existing schemes to adjust our thinking to fit the new data, instead of adjusting the new data to fit our thinking (assimilation). Two strengths of Piaget’s theory are matching problem solving and knowledge construction. In problem solving...
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Objective Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Objective Presentation - Essay Example These actions are usually guided by a job description to make them efficient and effective. However, the job description reflects on the organizational structure to assist the staff know the job titles, supervisor and subordinate, specific tasks required, department or units, and among others. In addition, staff members are usually under the control of people of higher ranks known as managers. These managers use an organizational structure to assist them determine which human, technical, and financial resources are available, which resources are lacking, and how resources should be allocated to attain organizational objectives and goals. There are three organizational structures and include Hierarchical, matrix and network structure. However, the optimal structure is a matrix or team structure. This is because it encourages interaction and participation among staff members, hence enhancing interpersonal relations. In addition, it also encourages managers to be more of group leaders and facilitators hence increasing accountability among staff members in an organization. When comparing the matrix structure with the rest, it always emerges the best. Managers in a Hierarchical structure always act as the final decision-makers, but those in matrix structure, focus on the accomplishment of shared objects of the team. In addition, staff members involved in a network structure, usually have a lot of differences in their affiliation and may fail to come up with a common goal. In matrix structure, staff members coordinate with one another and with their facilitator whose primary responsibility is to set objectives and evaluate
Friday, November 1, 2019
Environmental Impact of Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Environmental Impact of Products - Essay Example Their examples can be used to show how companies had to change their products and their processes in order to become more environmentally friendly. Environmental degradation has become a very important topic for the world today watchdog groups as well as concerned bodies focus on various ways and means in which they can force giant companies to help the environment rather than harm it (Green, 2005). Government regulation, think tank pressure, as well as the opinions of various consumer groups, can force companies to become friendlier towards the environment (Schulte, 2006). Undoubtedly, human activities including the actions taken by corporations have had a visible impact on the global environment and this has been noted by the scientific community at large. While the government can make laws to regulate a bare minimum to be done by corporations, consumers have to ensure that they do not support those companies which are hurting the environment (VonAncken, 2006). Consumers who have access to vast amounts of information about the companies they make purchases from can demand that the brands or businesses which they support behave ethically and show their responsibility for not hurting the environment. Organisations have to show that they are ethical producers since consumer wish to be ethical themselves and may make the purchase decisions based on knowing if the company is helping the environment rather than hurting it (Ethical Consumer, 2006). By being friendly to the environment, companies such as Apple and Cadbury Schweppes are helping their shareholders and investors (Phillips, 2003). Through the scientific developments in recycling, proper water conservation, and more efficient technologies for generating energy, individuals and companies have made great advances in becoming more environmentally responsible. At the same time, these efforts fall short of what will be needed in the world for sustained long-term prosperity.
Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Counting rationally to 15 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Counting rationally to 15 - Essay Example Blocks of wood can be labeled 1 - 15. Cups can then be placed on top of these blocks. The rule of the game would be, one cup on top of each block. To evaluate mastery on one to one correspondence, the teacher can post fifteen pictures on the board and indulge the students in yet another game. The teacher will then count the pictures on the board and the student that catches the teacher doing an erroneous counting gets an extra point. One such error by the teacher would be counting the same picture twice. Geary (1999) tells us that although children with MD understand one to one correspondence, they sometimes make mistakes on tasks that assess this concept. Children with mathematical disabilities(MD) almost always detect double counting when it is the last manipulative that is counted twice. When the first manipulative is double counted, the child has to wait until the counting is finished before he can decide whether the counting was erroneous or not. This suggests that children with MD have difficulty keeping information while counting. To solve this problem, have them use their fingers to count (Brown, Ferguson and Witzel, 2 007). This helps them associate counting with their fingers (one finger for '1', two fingers for '2' and they may use sticks as substitutes for numbers '11' through '15'). They can then keep track of the manipulatives as they count them. Stable order. The order of the word tags must be invariant across counted sets.
Monday, October 28, 2019
Evaluation of Training Essay Example for Free
Evaluation of Training Essay The evaluation of training identifies the extent to which the program has succeeded in enhancing the knowledge or skill-set of the participants. Kilpatrick’s model of training evaluation identifies four levels of evaluation: trainee reaction, participant’s learning, behavioral change, and impact on business. The major tools of training evaluation include interviews, questionnaires and surveys, observations and secondary data, and pre and post assignments or tests. The emerging trend is empowered evaluation, or making participants responsible for the evaluation. Introduction: Objectives of Training Evaluation The broad objective of evaluating training is to measure the effectiveness of the program in relation to the enhancement of knowledge or skills and the application of such skills and knowledge at work by the participants. The secondary objective of evaluating training is to improve future editions of the program in terms of modules, facilities, and contextual factors. The evaluation of training also helps identify the factors that help and hinder effective training of individuals and provide a guide map for support the participant requires at work The successful evaluation of a training program depends on application of the correct objectives while designing the evaluation exercise and the correct feedback from the participants in relation to the inputs received from the trainer. Kilpatrick’s Model of Training Evaluation Donald L Kilpatrick of the University of Wisconsin proposed four levels of evaluation. The first level of Kilpatrick’s model is seeking trainee reaction, or the participant feelings regarding the training experience. The instruments used to capture such reaction include post-survey questionnaires or feedback forms and verbal reactions of the participants during the conclusion of the training program. Some of the common questions included in such surveys include whether the participants enjoyed the training, whether they considered the training relevant, whether they liked the venue, style, timings and the like, their opinion on the ease and comfort of the experience, and the like. The answers to such questions could be in either an open-ended format or a series of multiple-choice options. This level of evaluation is easy to obtain and analyze and takes place immediately after the training ends. It gives a broad and general indication regarding the success or failure of the training program. The second level of Kilpatrick’s evaluation model focuses on the participants learning, and measures the whether the desired skill and knowledge enhancements have taken place. The measures in this level indicate the extent of advancement or change in the intended direction or area. The common measurement instruments for this factor include pre and post training tests or assignments and interviews. The success of evaluation however depends on the establishment of a reliable and clear scoring measurement scale. The third level of Kilpatrick’s evaluation model focuses on measuring behavior change, or the extent of application of the acquired knowledge or the implementation of acquired skills on the job. The evaluation of this factor depends on any noticeable and measurable change in the activity and performance of the participants when they return to their job roles after the training, and on whether such changes are sustained or temporary. The evaluation also extends to measuring whether the participants could transfer their learning to others and whether they are aware of their change in behavior, knowledge, skill level. The common evaluation tools for such measures include ongoing observation and interview over time. The use of 360-degree feedback is a convenient tool to measure performance on a continuous basis. The measures required at this level are not easy to quantify and arbitrary snapshot assessments and subjective ratings often hamper successful evaluation at this level. The fourth level of evaluation in Kilpatrick’s model is measuring business results, or the effects of the training on the business or environment. The measures would typically be business or organizational key performance indices such as volumes, values, percentages, timescales, return on investment, staff turnover, quality ratings, achievement of standards and accreditations. Most of such measures would already be in place as part of the normal management reporting systems. Organizations traditionally focused on the first two levels of evaluation. In recent years, the third and fourth levels have also become common points of evaluation. The Process of Training Evaluations The process of conducting the training evaluation depends on the objective of evaluation, or the level of evaluation required. The instruments used to measure of participant’s reaction to the program and their acquisition of knowledge and skills need to be devised prior to the program and administered to the participants immediately after the program concludes. The evaluation of the behavioral change or the application of the acquired knowledge and skills to the job and measuring their impact on the business is complicated and a sustained effort. The various tools to evaluate such measures, such as interviews, questionnaires, 360-degree appraisals, feedback from supervisors, secondary data, observations and the like need to be structured and phased over a period of time, and the results compared with the previous data and the intended objectives of the training program. Conclusion The latest concept in training evaluation is empowered evaluation, wherein participants improve their programs themselves through self-evaluation and reflection. The responsibility for evaluation in this model rests with the participants and professional agency or entity conducting the training on a collective basis, and the process of evaluation necessitate cooperation, collaboration, and sharing of resources. References Goodstein, J. Goodstein, L. D. (1991). A Matrix for Evaluating Training in The 1991 Annual: Developing Human Resources (pg: 184). San Deigo: University Associates.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Writing the Academic Essay -- Expository Process Essays
Writing the Academic Essay For many high school students, the academic essay is an unforgiving monster that terrorizes their campus, a nightmarish beast that can rip the heart out of G.P.A.'s and dash all hopes for college admission. Yet, others tame this friend with ease, bending its cruel will to theirs as if it was nothing, as if they possessed a secret weapon. Well, guess what? They do! Successful essayists succeed because they are armed with the exact knowledge of what an essay is and how it is made; they know an essay is an organized group of paragraphs that strongly assert and vividly support a central idea. Further, they know the organization of an academic essay is as easy as one, two, three: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion are its three essential parts. For starters then, let us begin with the introduction. Its job is to move from the general to the specific, to introduce the essay's topic, clarify its central idea, and detail its thesis statement. Yet, before it can do that, it should attempt to "hook" the reader by catching his interest with some appropriate bait. The first way to hook a reader is by centering an original title above the introduction. Please note the word original in that last sentence. Lazy and generic titles like "English Essay" or "Crucible Essay" are not effective because they are neither informative nor interesting. After an original title, a good introduction begins with one or two interesting sentences that serve to focus the essay's general topic. With that done, the writer becomes more specific and introduces the essay's central idea. A central idea is simply a clear statement of the writer's opinion or position on the general topic. In my introduction to this ... ...oes not mean that it is as unstoppable as Godzilla. Indeed, the curse of the essay is quite manageable if one keeps in mind its underlying characteristics. The basic academic essay is five logically related paragraphs that argue and defend a central idea, and the way it is structured is simplicity itself. When the writer keeps in mind the three parts of an essay-the introduction, the body, and the conclusion-then much of the anxiety and confusion associated with essay writing can be vanquished. Like Frankenstein's creature, essays are put together from separate parts, but because they are composed of logically related ideas, they are an invention that can be tamed by organized thinking. Indeed, writers who plan carefully and follow their plan are pleased to find that their brainchild is no fear-inspiring monster, but rather a creation that reveals their true genius.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Distinctively Visual Essay
Composers create distinctively visual images to draw aspects that they are presenting in their texts. This helps the reader to understand and visualise the characters responses to significant aspects of life. The Author Henry Lawson uses these distinctive images in his short stories ‘The Drovers Wife’ and ‘The Loaded Dog’ to help portray the harsh realities of living in the Australian bush. These realities create significant experiences for the individuals in his stories as they are faced with hardships, mateship and love. Similarly, John Misto’s play ’The Shoe-Horn Sonta’ and Ramon Tongs ‘African Beggar’ use distinctively visual language to let the responder engage with the characters and their world. ‘The Loaded Dog’ explores the significant experience of mateship through the characters; Dave Regan, Jim Bently, Andy Page and their young retriever Tommy who is described with great visual imagery as an ‘overgrown pup, a big, foolish, four-footed mate, who was always slobbering round them and lashing their legs with his heavy tail that swung round like a stock-whip’. The story starts off slow introducing the gold mines that the story takes place in, using elaborate instructions to explain the process of mining and cartridge construction through verbs including ‘sewed’, ‘bound’ and ‘pasted’ which gives the reader a distinctively visual image of how life was for the gold miners. The author uses Australian jargon and vernacular language such as ’Don’t foller us!’ and ’no mucking around’ throughout the story to give the reader a more visual image of how the men of the area communicate. The story’s pace exponentially increases along with it’s humour as the storyline develops and as each complication arises. Dialogue and punctuation, such as ‘dashes’, carry us along with the action painting a picture in the readers mind of the events taking place. Dave who is seen as the ‘ideas man’ decides to create a cartridge to blow the local fish out of the water to eat and while he is at away at working on the cartridge, Tommy grabs the cartridge in his play, setting it alight in the fire, which establishes the main issue in the story. Lawson uses a humorous tone throughout this scene to give the reader a more visual image of what is being played out ‘close behind him, was the retriever with the cartridge in his mouth – wedged into his broadest and silliest grin’. Another short story composed by Lawson similar to ’The Loaded Dog’ entitled ‘The Drovers Wife’ creates powerful images through the use of distinctively visual language that enables the reader to feel the hardships of the characters. Lawson begins the story with the distinctively visual image of the harsh landscape ‘The bush consists of stunted, rotting native apple trees. No undergrowth, Nothing to relieve the eye save the darker green of a few she oaks which are sighing above the narrow waterless creek’. This descriptive language allows the responder to visualise the harsh outback scenery. The drovers wife is seen as a protective mother and a hardened battler against the disasters of the Australian bush. The use of alliteration ‘no undergrowth, nothing to relieve the eye†¦ nineteen miles to the nearest civilisation’ accentuates how isolated the Wife is from society. Lawson uses powerful verbs when creating a distinctively visual image in the responders mind in ‘The Drover’s Wife’. When the drover’s wife goes to hit the snake, ‘snatches’ is used to create images of immediacy and courage within the responder’s mind, whilst ‘darts’ is used to create an image of threat, the woman has no hesitation in hitting the snake and she darts to protect her children. Similar to John Lawson’s stories, John Misto’s Australian play ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonta’ uses an array of distinctively visual techniques to highlight the significant aspects of the story. Through dramatic film and editing techniques, and powerful dialogue, Misto explores the story of hundreds and thousands of women imprisoned by the Japanese in South-East Asia. The composer uses juxtaposition as the dialogue consists of both private and public conversations to create an image in the responders mind of the powerful links between the public and private voices between the two main characters, Sheila and Bridie. The opening scene shows Bridie re-enacting the kowtow, a tribute to the emperor of Japan ‘Bridie stands in a spotlight. She bows stiffly from the waist, and remains in this position.’ These stage directions allow the reader to visualise how Misto wants it to be performed, letting the reader share their experiences, and feel engaged with Bridie . Ramon Tong’s ‘African Beggar’ utilises distinctively visual language techniques to create and perceive a relationship with the persona and his world and therefore understand the challenges he faces. The metaphor ‘a heap of verminous rags and matted hair’ is used to establish an image of a ‘thing’ rather than a human as ‘verminous’ is usually associated with flies and ‘matted hair’ creates images of an unhygienic lifestyles in the responders mind. The tone of the story suddenly changes in the third stanza and enables the reader to re-establish the relationship and perception that was previously created with the beggar. ‘lost in the trackless jungle of his pain’ is an example of symbolism used the show that the beggar feels pain in his whole body. This stanza creates an image of someone struggling for life and gives reason for the reader to feel sympathetic towards the beggar, this is highlighted in the line ‘lying all alone’. In conclusion, these texts all use powerful distinctively visual techniques to the let the reader understand and visualise the personas and their worlds, and the hardships that they face.
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